I finally managed to get my WordPress posts migrated to the new Django site. Django has a cool feature where you can add command line scripts to an app, so that's what I did. It isn't generic enough to use for any WordPress-Django migration, and it's not safe to run more than once (I wrote a second script to clear the populated tables if something happened during migration), but it did the job.
I still need to go back and figure out how to handle the WordPress shortcodes, and I need to figure out how to improve the writing experience in Django.
But! It's not like I write a lot of posts, and I'm happy to have this piece behind me. I think next task will either be getting the post authoring/display experience cleaned up or getting my Strava content integrated.